Department of Applied Electrodynamics the study of the theory of near-field antenna in 1970, the calculation of the characteristics of the fields in the near field of rectangular apertures. The result shows that, in the spotlight, beam incidence, the oscillation amplitudes of the fields are uneven and there is a region of space in which the amplitude of the field is close to a constant. Further investigated the polarization characteristics of aperture antennas with circular and elliptical polarization in the near field to clarify the criterion of the far field in the case of measuring the polarization characteristics of the antennas. Further research devoted wire antenna theory in the near zone. In particular, it is shown that the distance of the far zone of short wire antennas is R ≥ 0.6 wavelengths. It is also shown that in the case of resonance (half-wave new) wire antenna, the amplitude of the near-field hardly changed by the. Specified distance of the far zone aperture radiators that are smaller than the wavelength. Studied the wave processes in the near field of a traveling wave antenna. The possibility of creating an aperture antenna with a uniform distribution of the field amplitude in the plane or in the predetermined volume.